CFD Investigation of Vehicle’s Ventilation Systems and Analysis of ACH in Typical Airplanes, Cars, and Buses

The simulation of the ventilation and heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems vehicles could be used in energy demand management besides improving quality inside their cabins. Moreover, traveling by public transport during a pandemic is concerning factor, analysis vehicle’s cabin environments demonstrate how to decrease risk create safer journey for passengers. Therefore, this article presents airflow analysis, changes per hour (ACH), respiration aerosols’ trajectory three vehicles, including typical car, bus, airplane. In regard, vehicles’ environment boundary conditions HVAC selected were determined, three-dimensional numerical simulations performed using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. patterns aerosol trajectories critical impact inflow, outflow, passenger’s locations CFD model results exhibited that lowest airplane highest bus because location airflows outflows. discrete determined ACH car about 4.3, 7.5, 8.5, which all less than standard protocol infection prevention, 12 ACH. According results, opening windows cars loads improve low systems. However, buses, new design outflow or an increase number outflows appeared necessary. case airplanes, paths suitable, increasing speed, required might achieved. Finally, closed (recirculating) systems, role filters decreasing critical.